Ivaylo Boyadzhiev (Cornell University), Sylvain Paris (Adobe), Kavita Bala (Cornell University) ACM Transactions on Graphics (SIGGRAPH 2013) presents a method for using a compositing approach to photographic lighting.

Based on a recent trend in the photography world of shooting lights and lighting individually and compositing the result, the system allows an in-composite type of editing environment, much the way a compositor would work with rendering passes from a 3D scene.

We introduce a set of basis lights and modifiers that combine several of the input images, and provide controls to achieve effects photographers typically need; for example, accentuating the color or edges of objects, or softening hard shadows and highlights

Based on a new trend in architectural and commercial photography where a series photos are captured different light sources individually or various light source positions each time. This way, the photographer is able to create any lighting set up, effect, or edits, after the fact in post. Check out the User-assisted Image Compositing for Photographic Lighting paper here from more information.